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The keep at the center of Cardiff Castle, completed around 1135

Our last stop in Wales was the Welsh capital of Cardiff. For what it’s worth, Wales never actually had a capital until 1955, when the UK government formally designated Cardiff, its largest city, as such. Other cities vied for influence and primacy over the centuries, but none ever officially had the distinction.

Wine from Chateau du Seuil in Bordeaux, owned since 1988 by a Welsh couple. Our server was proud to point out the Welsh dragon at the top of the label.

And even after 1955 it would take another 44 years until Cardiff actually functioned like a capital city. Only in 1999 would a Welsh parliament be seated in a newly built parliament building in Cardiff Bay.

Our short stop here gave us a bit of time to refuel — getting some laundry done and running other errands. But we also squeezed in a couple sights, including a visit and a tour of Cardiff Castle. We also took a water taxi down the river Taff to Cardiff Bay, where 2,700 acres of derelict docklands have been turned into one of Europe’s biggest waterfront development projects.

Many things in Cardiff have “Bute” in their names because of the over-sized role in the city’s development of the Marquesses of Bute, a noble family from Scotland. In the early 19th century John Crichton-Stuart, the 2rd Marquess of Bute, built the Cardiff dockyards and invested massively in the local coal and iron industries.

When he died at age 54, his 6-month old son became the 3rd Marquess, the owner of Cardiff Castle, and the richest person in the world. He turned part of the castle into a Victorian Gothic revival mansion. We enjoyed a great tour of the house, absolutely filled with personal references and all sorts of quirkiness.

We began our Cardiff visit by returning our rental car at the airport, where we were ever so happy to catch a train into the city

The portion of the castle turned into a lavish Victorian mansion

The reception room in the mansion

A smoking room in the castle, jam-packed with references to “time” in a pretty cool way

Jim arrives at the top of the castle keep

The view of two palaces — the erstwhile home of the Marquess of Bute and the current home of the Wales Rugby Union

Bucolic paths in Bute Park

Modern repairs after extensive bombing in World War II leave Cardiff’s Llandaff Cathedral with a controversial mix of old and new

The cemetery behind the cathedral

Welsh flags adorn the city center

Taking a spin on the Ferris wheel at Cardiff Bay. The clock tower, known as Little Ben is part of the 1897 headquarters of the Bute Dock Company. To the right is the 1999 Welsh Parliament.

Spinning above Cardiff Bay

Old and new

Animals keep an eye on you from just inside the outer walls of Bute Park

Colorful buildings line the beachfront promenade

From North Wales we traveled southwest to the pretty seaside resort town of Aberystwyth. Our two-day visit was pleasant, though it’s hard to imagine a real beach vacation in a place where the high temperatures in August barely broke 60 F. Toss in a lot of cloudiness and wind and the prospects are bleak.

And yet there were handfuls of people here and there acting like it was just another day at the beach. A few bold souls would venture into the grey and cold-looking water. A few kids were dutifully shoveling sand, though they generally wore more layers than what normally constitutes beach attire. I couldn’t help wondering whether these people had any idea what a beach in Mexico or Thailand is like!

Now Jim is not one to be deterred by unreasonably cold water temperatures, and he wanted to at least take a quick swim in Welsh waters. When he returned from his “swim” I was only mildly surprised to learn that the rocky bottom and rough water surfaces were just too off-putting. Maybe he’ll try again at another stop.

We enjoyed the simple pleasures here of strolling through town, climbing Constitution Hill for views up and down the coast, and staying at a charming and super friendly little hotel on the waterfront. Aber (as the locals call it) is not a foodie mecca, though we did manage to find a super cool tapas place and a fun little rum bar. It was a nice stop for a couple days, and now we are headed to an even smaller and more remote stop. We’ll travel next to the southwestern corner of Wales to stay in St Davids, which holds the distinction as the smallest city in the United Kingdom.

The remains of Aberystwyth Castle, also built by Master James of St. George under Edward I, though this one hasn’t held up as well as the ones up north

Walking along the beach in that blue sweater you see a lot on this trip

These buildings on the south end of town looked like they’d be beautiful if you could see them . . .

. . . So Jim dug up this picture of Old College, Aberystwyth — a part of Aberystwyth University under renovation

We had lunch twice at this great tapas place hidden behind a Spanish grocery store. To the right is their huge collection of Spanish wines. To the left are their many Spanish vermouth offerings.

Trying out an excellent Spanish white

Looking back at the town from atop Constitution Hill

Looking out to the cold moody sea

Along a trail up on Constitution Hill

A moment when a menacing cloud moved over the trail

Dinner at a Lebanese/Greek place in town

This rustic little rum bar reminded me of places in more exotic countries. It somehow even smelled like we were in Cambodia or somewhere.

We got a pretty dramatic sunset over the beach

More of that sunset

We got a workout getting to and from our 5th story hotel room

Couldn’t resist posing with the Fab Four

We broke up the journey from the Lake District to Wales with a two-day stop in Liverpool. Not that I was ever dying to see Liverpool, but I did have a bit of curiosity. In my mind the name conjures up gritty old industrial England, coarse football enthusiasts, and a layer of dusty magic from a bygone era of musical greatness.

The spectacular interior of the massive and surprisingly modern Liverpool Cathedral

The Cathedral mixed Neo-Gothic splendor with modern art, like this neon sculpture by the daring English artist Tracey Emin

I wasn’t totally off the mark; I found all three of those things on broad display here in Liverpool. And yet the place was so much more lively and dynamic than that.

The days as an industrial powerhouse have left behind plenty of grand architecture — some in need of repair and lots more turned to new uses. There is a lot of slightly gritty urban beauty to it all.

But the streets were absolutely teeming with life. Admittedly, we arrived on a Saturday, so our first evening probably saw the week’s biggest crowds. But the city center was truly alive — block after block of Liverpudlians out and partying in every direction. It’s hard to imagine seeing so many people out and about at the center of a comparable American city. If you were in Milwaukee or Cleveland or Baltimore, you might find a busy few blocks someplace, but I doubt you’d ever find a city center remotely as full of life as this one.

As far as the coarse football enthusiasts go, my expectations weren’t that far off. This is not a fashionable London crowd. You hear a lot of tough to understand northern industrial accents, not so much the Oxford and Cambridge kind. The place is certainly not overrun by tourists. You just find a lot of ordinary Scousers out enjoying the scene. (Liverpudlians are also called Scousers after a seafood stew called scouse, long favored by local sailors.) And a lot more football jerseys than designer clothes.

And yes, music remains a big part of the excitement because something truly special happened here in the 1960s. An incredible music scene developed in Liverpool, one driven by post-war working class youth, a unique local identity, and the inspiration of American Rock & Roll. A new generation of musical talent packed the clubs along Mathew Street, and eventually took the whole world by storm. Paul, John, George, and Ringo are still present everywhere in Liverpool, and it’s a joy to see.

The almost sinister bulk of Liverpool Cathedral, the largest church in Britain, built between 1904 and 1978. It’s stunning to see such an audacious project built in the 20th century.

Buzzy Mathew Street, home of the little clubs that fueled the unique Liverpool music scene in the 1960s

A replica of the Cavern Club, the little underground space on Mathew Street where the Beatles performed 292 times before emerging as global superstars

Scousers out having a rowdy good time

Delicious Turkish food on lively Castle Street

Beautiful architecture in the buzzy central city

Monumental architecture, including our hotel with the huge clock tower

The city had kind of a rainy, gloomy hangover by Sunday morning

OK, there is one peculiar and not at all good thing about Liverpool. Some genius here decide to make crosswalk signals work differently than every other place on Earth. When you want to cross the street the signal is not directly in front of you on the other side of the street (like it is in every other city on the planet). Here in Liverpool, the signal is tastefully and discretely placed just to the right or left of where you are standing. So when you look across the street, where you expect the signal to be, you are actually looking at the signal for the people who are trying to cross the street perpendicular to the one you want to cross. The result is that when you see the crosswalk signal you are looking for, it’s exactly the opposite of the one that applies to you. So if you look up and see a green man that means you are certain to be mowed down and die if you cross now. Who came up with this madness?

If you see a green man in front of you, that means you will be killed if you try to cross the street. You are supposed to be looking at the red man on your right instead. In fact, it’s the guy standing in this picture who has the right of way, not me. Uniquely Liverpool!